Women Are Becoming A Growing Epidemic Of The Prison System

Women are becoming a growing epidemic in the prison system even since the early nineteenth century. There has always been a lack of urgency and care for women that are pregnant behind bars. Women were still to do hard labor regardless of their certain circumstance. Pregnant women receive no consideration, lack of medical assistance, and are still in shackles are watched under by the prison guards while spending the little time that they have with their children after birth. There should be a change in the way the system treats pregnant women because they are not just hurting the mother but the child as well and they basically are the reason why most of the babies die because of the lack of care and medication. Although they have committed a crime pregnant women they should still have rights as parents. Such as not being shackled during childbirth which means they are still being punished in this joyous moment in their lives. Many if not all prisons are putting these women in shackles if not keeping them in handcuffs as they are in labor and delivering the baby which is completely unfair. Even if that were the case I’m sure they are guarded by at least three or four men. In California, state law formally provides that â€Å"at no time shall a woman who is in labor be shackled by the wrists, ankles, or both including during transport to a hospital, during delivery, and while in recovery after giving birth . . . .† (Ocen) These women are already experiencing pain and are not able toShow MoreRelatedThe, Deloria, Collins, And Mcclintock1712 Words   |  7 Pagesaims to disprove the myth that prisons are built by crime by focusing on the growth of California’s state prison system since 1982 and the accompanying grassroots opposition. Prisons are thought to stop crime through retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. The dominant explanation for prison growth is that crime went up, so prisons were created, and crime went down. However, states with fewer prisons have noticed greater decreases in crime. Prisons do not lead to increased stabilityRead MoreThe Issue and History of Illiteracy Among African Americans1510 Words   |  7 PagesInstructor Sydney Darby 27 May 2008 Illiteracy is a growing issue in America. The U.S. Department of Education funded the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) in 1992 that estimates over 90 million Americans fall well below an eight grade literacy level (Rome, 2004, pp. 84). Nowhere is this tragedy more prevalent than among the impoverished African Americans. Illiteracy has always been higher among African Americans now the gap is growing even wider due to a verity of reasons. According toRead MoreHow Gender Increases The Hiv Risk Of Women1987 Words   |  8 Pagesglobal scale, women are more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS than are men. Both statistically and logically, women experience higher incidences of HIV exposure than men for multiple reasons. Women engage in sex work more often than men, they also experience a higher rate of sexual violence, and simply by being the inferior portion of a domestically abusive relationship. Understanding how gender increases the HIV risk of women is crucial to winning the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women are the centerRead MoreObesity And Over Eating Habits1657 Words   |  7 Pagesand processed foods to children. Research indicates that although personal choices may lead to healthier habits, the influence government currently has regarding the obesity epidemic can have a heavier impact on reforming our culture of unhealthy lifestyle habits. Obesity and over-eating habits have become a growing problem among our society. Foods become addicting when they are high in salts, sugars, and fats. These combinations of foods are considered by Kessler (2009) to be â€Å"hyperpalatable†Read MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesWomen with drug addictions has conclusively linked with HIV/ AIDS since this epidemic has started. HIV is the acronym for human immunodeficiency virus and it causes the immune system to become weak. As a result, this causes the body to be terrible at protecting itself against diseases and other viruses. HIV causes damage by harming the immune cells in the body. The immune cells it affects are called CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, which are vital for fighting infections in the body. HIV metamorphoseRead MoreDrug And Alcohol Abuse And Addiction1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthere is an epidemic of epic proportion involving drug and alcohol addiction. Addiction is defined as a psycholog ical illness characterized by intense craving for a particular substance (Corrections pg 652). Substance abuse problems are extremely difficult to treat because individuals most at risk for becoming addicted share many of the same traits associated with chronic criminal behavior, with many of the traits being genetic (Corrections, pg 434). Each year, nearly 700,000 men and women are releasedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Military Life And Civilian Life983 Words   |  4 PagesFor many decades now, many brave men and women have joined the military in order to serve the country and protect the rights that are entitled to the American populace. However, when they return back to the states, some soldiers are not able to the cope between the drastic differences between military life and civilian life; as a result, they can be homeless veterans living on the streets. The average citizens consider these veterans as just bums and consider them through the mindset of â€Å"out of sightRea d MoreHip Hop and the Crack Epidemic1701 Words   |  7 PagesLos Angeles, Oakland, and Miami. In the end it caused devastating effects for black and Latino Americans. As crack cocaine was becoming a grim and rising epidemic, hip hop was evolving alongside it. It was in the 1980s that crack cocaine and hip hop became the two leading fundamentals of urban street culture. It is not suggested that hip hop caused the crack epidemic, or vice versa. But, it can be argued that both fed off each other, particularly hip hop off the crack culture itself. Crack cocaineRead MoreDoes Gender Play A Role? Hiv / Aids?2536 Words   |  11 Pagesglobal scale, women are more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS than are men. Both statistically and logically, women experience higher incidences of HIV exposure than men for multiple reasons. Women engage in sex work more often than men, they also experience a higher rate of sexual violence, and simply by being the inferior partner in a domestically abusive relationship. Understanding how gender increases the HIV risk of women is crucial to winning the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women are the centerRead MorePoverty and a Lack of Education are Fueling Juvenile Crime A 6 page essay arguing that juvenile crime is directly related to poverty and poor education.1698 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty and a Lack of Education are Fueling Juvenile Crime In the early 1960s, the epidemic of juvenile crime began to take shape. The problem of juvenile crime is becoming an increasingly pressing matter in America. Anyone who watches the news on television or reads the newspapers is well aware of the urgency and intensity of Americas juvenile crime problem. Effectively establishing the causes of juvenile crime may help to deter it in the future. A proper solution cannot be executed until the

Strict Liability Free Essays

August 7, 2009 Criminal Law- 2 Essay on Strict Liability Crimes Having no element for Mens Rea, consequently permits punishment on those that may be blameless to a crime. With that fact, there is definitely a wide range of controversial pro’s and con’s. I personally am unbiased either way regarding this topic, for any and all concerns I feel are legitimate. We will write a custom essay sample on Strict Liability or any similar topic only for you Order Now What I will set forth here is unbiased opinion and facts to all pro’s and con’s. In this world there are many regular civilians and citizens that may encounter, in some form or another, an inconvenience, mishap or even loss on many degrees’ due to someone’s negligence or culpable liability. Which will lead me to one’s take on the pro’s or benefit to the existence of strict liability crimes. First and foremost, when someone is hurt or harmed, they want recourse and they want it from whomever is liable, or from the closes person to that liable party. So they care nothing about ones blamelessness or mental intent, which in this case the law would not hold prudent anyway. To them and to the law â€Å"public health and safety come first. † For them an act alone is all that would actually need to be proved. For if that were not the case, then the possible victims would not have any remedy under the law. Further more, the benefits to society outweighs the cost of punishing those that may have no true blame. As for the con’s in strict liability offenses, one might argue that being held liable without subjective or objective fault may be a violation to the U. S. Constitution. Where this stipulation actually contradicts the Model Penal Code (MPC) etc. on criminal liability and the stature of concurrence. Further more, with there being no actual or effective means on protection against strict liability or accidents, leaves a broad range of exceptional blameworthiness. Where â€Å"they† could say â€Å"we are the victims! † adversely this could jeopardize society and not protect it, thus curtail much human (especially professional) activities etc. at the fear of any possible culpable negligence. So here I have just a few to name the least, of pro’s and con’s on strict liability. So as you see we all have some legitimate place or say in this very controversial matter. For all people: individuals, civilians, families, cooperations, businesses, functions, police force and all professionals have some form of risk here. Over all I think the law on strict liability is well needed and the sacrifice’s are well wort h the gains†¦ for better of for worse. How to cite Strict Liability, Papers

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay Example For Students

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay ransportation: The Case of VASP Brazilian AirlinesIntroductionThe Viao Area So Paulo, known by the great public as VASP BrazilianAirlines, was created in November of 1933, in So Paulo. The company at first wasinvestor owned and its first planes were two Monospar, bought from an English airline. Even though it had a good beginning, the company had constant losses and the onlysolution to solve the crisis was asking for government help. On March of 1935, the SoPaulo government agreed to help the company, not lending money but making it a publiccompany owned half by the state and half by the city of So Paulo. The VASP ownersagreed with that decision, because it was the only way to avoid bankruptcy. After decades under government control, in 1988, the So Paulo state told the pressthat it wished to privatize the company because it still had monthly losses. On October of1990, on a public auction, the VOE/CANHEDO group, represented by the Canhedo Groupand the VASP employers, bought the company for US$44 million dollars. Until today, thecompany is owned by the VOE/CANHEDO group. After the reelection of Fernando Henrique Cardoso as President of Brazil, thebrazilian central bank decided to devaluate its currency and the airlines suffered a lotbecause its debts were in US dollars. One of the biggest problems that VASP faced was thatit had earnings on brazilian currency and had costs in US dollars. QUndergraduate Student of EPGE/FGV; E-mail: emailprotectedWhile VASP was facing all this trouble, in 2001, the low fare airlines boomarrived in Brazil. The GOL Linhas Areas was a mimic of Jet Blue 1. Its prices were at least40% less than the airlines operating in Brazil and it did attract costumers. The meal servedinside the plane is quite simple, just cold sandwiches and cereal bars. VASP that could not compete with the brazilian biggest airlines, VARIG and TAM,now had a competitor: GOL. At the end of 2002, GOL passed VASP on the brazilianairline market, making VASP the 4th brazilian airline, after VARIG, TAM and GOL. Recently, one of VASP airplanes had problems while flying to Fortaleza airport,Pinto Martins. A week later, another airplane flying from So Paulo to Curitiba hadproblems after landing. The land crew tried to fix the problem and after it took off tocontinue the flight, the planes remained and the plane had to go back to Curitiba2. One ofthe biggest brazilian newspapers said that the VASP fleet was from the 1970s. The VASPfrequent flyers were shocked. Nowadays, VASP and GOL compete for the third place ofthe brazilian airline market. MethodologyAccording to the microeconomics theory, the demand for a certain object dependson the price, the price of other similar object and the budget constraint. To help the study,the quality of services offered by the airlines besides the ones discussed above, we caninclude the frequency delay3 and flight timeYoung(1972) and Anderson Kraus(1981). Our aim will be to analyze how the quality of services can affect the demand for airtransportationDouglas Miller(1974), Anderson Kraus(1981) and Trapani Olson(1982). A possible doubt that can come one your mind is how a passenger could measurethe age of the airline that he is fixing to board. The answer it is simple. An older airplanelooks are not good. It looks like it had received a complete patchwork. Indeed, an oldairplane with those kinds of looks could worry some of the passengers. Juvenile Delinquency Essay(11) =y +y +y +y 2 + e0 1 2 3 flyvasp price planeage planeage6 For further information visit Boeing website. 7 Wooldridge(2002)Where flyvasp is a dummy variable that assumes 1 if the passenger flew VASP and0 if the passenger flew GOL. The dependent variable price represents the price paid by thepassenger to fly(R$). The variable planeage represents the age of the airplane that thepassenger used.(years). 0 y is the intercept of the equation while the i y are the slopes of thedependent variables. The quadratic variable planeage2 was included because we want tostudy also the positives or negatives marginal effects of the variable planeage. Themarginal effect would be:(12) planeageplaneageflyvasp2 3 =y + 2yAfter these problems that VASP faced with its airplanes, I think it would beimportant to analyze if the age of the airplane does affect the demand for airtransportation. In order to do this I would use cross sectional data. The econometric modelused, as discussed above, would be the linear probability model(LPM). The estimationmethod used would be generalized least squares(GLS).8 The need of this method is why wehave the risk of facing heteroskedasticy. The Wald test is needed for the variables and theShapiro-Wilk searching for outliers. ConclusionsUnfortunately this research could not be finished because VASP went bankrupt andlost its permission to fly in March of 2005. However the model discussed above could beused to study the relationship between the demand of two airlines, just some modificationsneeded to be done. But indeed I know that this model would be helpful for further works. 8 Wooldridge(2002)ReferencesAbouchar, A. (1970) Air Transport Demand, Congestion Cost, and the Theory of OptimalAirport Use. Journal of American Statistical Association, v.3, n.3, p. 463-475. Anderson J.E, Kraus, M. (1981) Quality of Service and the Demand for Air Travel TheReview of Economics and Statistics. v.63. De Vany, A.S (1975) The Effect of Price and Entry Regulation on Airline Output,Capacity and Efficiency The Bell Journal of Economics v.6, p. 327-345. Departamento de Aviao Civil http://www.dac.gov.brDouglas, G.W., Miller III J.C (1974) Quality Competition, Industry Equilibrium andEfficiency in the Price-Constrained Airline Market American Economic Review v.64,p.67-76. Infraero http://www.infraero.gov.brGronau, R. (1980) The Value of Time in Passenger Transportation: The Demand for AirTravel Occasional paper 109 , National Bureau of Economic Research, New York. Isidore, C. (2002) Attack of low fare airlines CNNmoney, December 9, 2002Morrison, S., and Winston, C.(1995), The Evolution of the Airline Industry. BrookingsInstitutionTaaffe, E.J. (1956) Air Transportation and United States Urban DistributionGeographical Review 46, 219-238. Trapani, J.M., Olson, C.V. (1982), An Analysis of the Impact of Open Entry on Priceand the Quality of Service in the Airline Industry The Review of Economics andStatistics, 1982, vol. 64, issue 1, pages 67-76Verleger Jr. P. K. (1972) Models of the Demand for Air Transportation The BellJournal of Economics and Management Service v.3, p. 437-457Wooldridge, J. (2002) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressYoung, K.H. (1972), Cross-Sectional Demand Models: Estimates and Tests, Journalof Regional Science, 9

True Blood Tv Analysis Paper Essay Example

True Blood Tv Analysis Paper Essay Kimberly Gauthier 10-12-2010 English I Analytical Paper TRUE BLOOD: Violence in sexuality True Blood portrays violence in sexuality in a positive light by showing pleasurable yet violent sex scenes. The show portrays these violent acts as being a source of both pleasure and arousal for both participants. Although violence is a recurring theme throughout the entire show, it’s the violence that carries over into the â€Å"bedroom† scenes that seems so fascinating. The show has countless sex scenes and more often than not they involve violence, ranging from hair pulling to murdering humans for the purpose of having sex in their blood. True Blood may be showing just how far society has come towards being more open minded about what used to be taboo forms of sexuality. In the very first sex scene of True Blood, it begins with what society might view as a typical encounter between two young people. A woman is lying on a couch, seemingly uninterested, as a man performs oral sex on her, but he quickly discovers an odd mark on her thigh. We will write a custom essay sample on True Blood Tv Analysis Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on True Blood Tv Analysis Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on True Blood Tv Analysis Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The mark he soon realizes are the fang marks from a vampire. Although he seems disgusted at first, he soon becomes intrigued and wants to learn more about her sexual encounter with the dead man. She shows him a video she made of the pair together and he quickly becomes quite aroused. This leads to the show’s very first graphically violent sex scene. Jason hangs Mawdette from the ceiling with her hands tied up in chains, and then proceeds to have sexual intercourse very violently with her. Jason calls her several contemptuous names and then begins to choke her aggressively. Mawdette seems to also enjoy this behavior, as she has gone from uninterested to begging for more. This scene shows what most would consider to be a brutal act, but yet both participants were shown to find it extremely sexually gratifying. In the second episode of True Blood the show starts off with a horrendously violent scene, not directly involving sex. A couple is beating the young female main character nearly to death, but they seem to be really enjoying it. In the midst of beating the female to death, the female partner begins to make out with her boyfriend, both covered in blood. They both seem extremely aroused by the gruesome violence that they have both just participated in. True Blood portrays violence as being a means for arousal in this scene. Although this is clearly not as main stream as previous scenes, the show still showed it to be not completely out of the ordinary as there would be many more similar scenes throughout the following 3 seasons. This may have been an extreme example of what the show’s creators thought to be an emerging popular concept. Many other shows/movies in recent years have shown violence in mild forms to be a source of both arousal and sexual pleasure. Jason and his girlfriend Dawn provide two scenes in episodes two and four that are wonderful examples of mainstream violence in sexuality. In both scenes the foreplay is extremely rough containing everything from hair pulling to full on masked assault. In one scene Dawn slaps Jason in the face violently and he begs for more. The sex is also tempestuous, with bodies being slammed against walls and arms being pinned to the bed. Dawn even comments that the best sex she has ever had was the destructive sex with the vampire male. The scenes portray two ordinary people finding tremendous pleasure from both being violent, and being violated. The scenes were both graphic and highly violent, but yet seemed commonplace in the lives of the average characters. Many aspects of what True Blood demonstrated in these scenes are now mainstream ideas that can be seen in many shows and movies. The once taboo idea of violence and sexuality is now thought of by many as another form of sexual pleasure. Many people would agree that Rolling Stone has been a symbol of the times in our society for many decades. In September of 2010 their cover featured three main characters from True Blood, Eric, Bill, and Sookie. The three were completely nude and in an intensely erotic position. In past times this alone would be provocative and taboo, but this particular cover photo took it one step farther. The threesome was photographed nude and covered in blood. The caption read, â€Å"True Blood- Their Hot, Their Sexy, Their Undead†. The fact that this made it onto the cover of a magazine that is thought to cover current trends speaks volumes about how mainstream these ideas portrayed in HBO’s hit show have become. True Blood has what many describe as a cult like following of millions of viewers. It is undeniable that this show and its racy violence will continue into the future, and inevitable more shows like it will emerge. This is a sign that the times have changed and sexuality has become a much more complex subject with intricacies, constantly evolving, that not everyone will find acceptable.

Politics and Reform in Britain essays

Politics and Reform in Britain essays Britain was not a democracy; aristocrats dominated it. It had a constitutional monarchy that had many limits on the powers of the king and state. Landed aristocrats controlled both the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The majority of the middle and working class could not vote. Many towns continued to be governed by corrupt groups. New industrial towns were not allowed to elect representatives to Parliament. Younger sons of aristocrats had to make careers in law, business, the military, and the church because they didn't inherit titles. The wealthiest merchants bought lands, titles, and husbands for their daughters. The courts, Parliament, local government, the established Anglican church, and the monarch were all part of a social and political system dominated by aristocratic interests and values. In 1828, Parliament abolished a seventeenth-century act that barred Catholics and Nonconformists from government positions and from universities. In 1833, slavery was abolished within the British Empire. In 1835, the Municipal Corporations Act gave towns and cities greater authority over their affairs. It could make reforms such as sanitation, which Parliament passed the first Public Health Act in 1848. The House of Commons passed the Reform Bill of 1832, which gave more people the right to vote. But the House of Lords refused to pass the bill. So King William IV and many politicians threatened to increase the number of the bill's supporters in the House of Lords by creating new peers. The threat worked and the bill was passed. The Reform Act of 1832 extended the suffrage to the middle class and made the House of Commons more representative. During the 1830s and 1840s, reformers called Chartists agitated for democratic measures, such as the secret ballot, salaries, universal manhood suffrage, the abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament, and annual elections for members of Parliament. The chartists were b...

Advantages of Volunteering at American Institute for Medical and Biolo Essay

Advantages of Volunteering at American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering The paper "Advantages of Volunteering at the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering" is a good example of an essay on social science. AIMBE has over 50,000 members who are in the medical and biological engineering. Volunteering at the organization will provide a platform to interact with other people in the same field. These interactions with different people at different stages of the biomedical engineering field will help grow my career by exposing me to different opportunities. I will also benefit from inspirations that come about from interacting with high achievers. Also, interacting with professionals and getting advice from them will also help in building my career and turn it into a great professionalism. Forging close friendships will also come in handy when looking for recommendations and introductions when it comes to work and career building. I will also get mentors who are experienced in the field to guide me and help me expound on my area of expertise . AIMBE sponsors a wide array of institutions including academic institutions, private industries, and other professional engineering societies (Johnson 2). By volunteering for the organization, I will get exposure to these organizations, Career-wise, this will help my development by opening a number of areas that I can major in and end up working there. The exposure will also provide an atmosphere of what is expected in professional development. Knowing what is expected from you and observing other professionals at work afford an advantage over many people in the job sector. The organization is also actively involved in researching new areas where the engineers can indulge. This expands to the fields where I can specialize in helping people and generally making the world a healthier place (Johnson 1).

Cinema & City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cinema & City - Essay Example Thus the first cinematic clip was that of a city. Cinematic images of cities shed light on the past and future of urban spaces the crises and sensations of the inhabitants of the city are projected through cinema's endless capacity to contrast the urban and corporal (Barber, 2002) Wim Wenders' 'Der Himmel 'ber Berlin /Wings of Desire' (1987) and Tom Tykwer's 'Lola rennt/Run Lola Run' (1998) are two films which showcase the city of Berlin. The former portrays the divided Berlin of the cold-war era and the latter the modern city after the reunification of Germany and its capital. The city of Berlin possesses a unique history which has always been entwined with European history. At the start of the twentieth century Berlin desired to replace Paris and London as the leading European metropolis and become the cultural capital of Europe. After Hitler's coming to power, it became the place where the destiny of millions of people was decided. This era of Berlin's history is its most shameful and old Berliner's have tried to erase this period from their city and memory both. After the Second World War the devastated city was separated into East and West Berlin and thus became a unique place where communism and capitalism were confronting each other. The icon of the division, the Berlin Wall, was erected in 1961, and was dismantled in 1989, which smoothed the way for reuniting Germany in 1990. In 1991 Berlin was named the capital of the new unified state of Germany. Nowadays Berlin has changed drastically and claims to be the city of the future and is known all over the world for its ambitious architectural projects and bold decisions in urban planning. It has re-invented itself a dozen times and continues to do. The new city of Berlin is a symbol of defeat of both communism and its Nazi past and hope and development for the future. Berlin and cinema Berlin is also famous as a city from the point of view of its various world famous portrayals in text and film, starting with 'Berlin: Symphony of a Great City'(1927) by Walter Ruttmann and 'Alexanderplatz' by Alfred D'blin (1929) to the modern 'Wings of Desire' (1987) by Wim Wenders' and 'Run Lola Run' (1998) by Tom Tykwer's. Since the 1960's artists have arranged artworks and shows in the public areas of the city which criticized the cold war order and institutions, and later on the frantic attempt by the German regime to erase the past after fall of the Berlin Wall. Portraying Berlin means looking at a city that has undergone remarkable changes over the last century in which an emperor was banished and a new republic was created then failed, being followed by a Nazi dictatorship ending up in Germany's division which has now been overcome, but, naturally left its scars. Additionally, capitals and their self-perception are of enormous importance to a nation's identity, which is especially true for Berlin, a city owning the status of a 'full-blown metropolis, unlike any other German city' (Clarke, 2006:151) Since 1945 the film industry has put singular emphasis on screening a city's development, in chronological as well as in visual terms. Inversely a city itself can project a definite cinematic class which can be experienced in daily life. James Donald, in his sociology of the city imaginary, says that cinema has educated 'audiences across

Strategy and Competition of Swissair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy and Competition of Swissair - Essay Example The rapid expansion which was supposed to bring Swissair out of its financial worries only served to make the situation worse eventually leading to liquidity problems for the company. Further, the manner in which Swissair spent money and made investments clearly shows that the management often had other interests in mind rather than the best interests of the company. Â  The SWOT Analysis of the company shows that while the strengths of the business were exploited, the weaknesses and were not accounted for and those weaknesses eventually led to the threats to the company becoming realities. The SWOT analysis created with the information presented in the case study shows the elements as follows. Â  Porter’s 5 Forces shows an interesting picture for the airline industry and it is clear that it is not easy to be a new entrant into a market which is dominated by heavy competition and rising costs. Profit margins for many airlines are becoming thinner as fuel costs and taxes are increased internationally which means the only determinant of new entrants is how easy or difficult it is for them to secure significant lines of capital. Even with price competition, an airline which has a strong brand name might be able to charge a premium for the same services as other airlines. Getting that brand name, however, requires continued service quality and a long history of excellence. The power of suppliers is also quite high since Boeing and Airbus dominate the supply side while the power of the buyers is quite low with regard to them simply needing planes if they are to call themselves as an airline. The threat of substitutes becomes low when we consider international travel but it remains quite high when local and regional travel is considered.

Family issues becoming social problems Essay Example for Free

Family issues becoming social problems Essay Family, as what sociologists address, is a social institution. Families are shaped by the family members’ personality. Individual members affect their relationship that is greatly influenced by experience. Families are also affected with the other social institution in the society like law, religion and education. Thus, families are subject to changes whether these changes gave advantages and disadvantages, the family has to cope up and make adjustments. Failure to do so will affect society and social problems might arise. This twist and turns have been quite evident as the time passes by. Single parents, careerist mothers, absent fathers, and live-in partners are blamed as the root cause of many of societys problems that could lead to persistent poverty, drug abuse, academic failure or out-of-school youths, and juvenile crime. This can be traced back to the early society that calls for historical perspective(Steven Mintz, 2003). History of the American Family In 1920, majority of American families are the traditional type; the father is the breadwinner, the wife is the home-maker and the children attend the school. Unwanted pregnancies happened between 1940 and 1958. Families of the 1950s are characterized by increase in birth rate, a stable divorce rate, and the age of marriage decline. During the early and at the middle of the nineteenth century, divorce rate began to rise because of its legislative order to be legalized. Spousal and child abuse gave rise and this can be reflected with the increase in assaults and murders committed against relatives and family members. Highest divorce cases happened at the beginning of the twentieth century. Single parenting, children in orphanage, infant mortality and early widowhood are the other changes happened in the past years(Steven Mintz, 2003). Family issues becoming social problem Divorce and single parenting From the point of view of some, divorce is an indication of failure of American family. But for others, it is viewed as a sign of freedom from men that women do enjoy. After World War II, it is documented that the rate of divorce increased and these may be an indication of the changing views and role of women in the society and their need to be free from social and financial dependence upon men. However, the dramatic increase of divorce rate has greatly affect the economical and social stability experienced by most of the divorced women that caused social problem for the economic well-being of the divorced women and the children are highly compromised. On average, women earn less income than men, households that headed by the divorced women are further disadvantaged, also, the lack of adequate and consistent child support added to the economic dilemma of divorced women (Dennis L. Peck). Spousal Abuse  Among the cause of violence between couples are: incompatibility between them which they discovered after the marriage and such difference arises when there is great disagreement and animosity between them, the couple is under stress and frustration therefore burst it out to one another and lastly, if the wife is a masochist or very awkward or very provocative(Rudi Dallos). Child abuse and neglect A child that is not properly taken cared of, not properly fed, deprived of basic necessities, proper medical care and treatment, and too much physical abuse is a violation to the child’s welfare and is considered as a criminal behavior. Juvenile Delinquency According to a study, broken homes are associated with juvenile delinquency. Levels of juvenile delinquency were much higher in teenagers living with single fathers and lowest among teenagers living with both parents and one of the suggestive reasons for this is due to inadequate parental involvement in the life of the child. The lack of guidance and the absence of close relationships between the child and parents contributed to the causes of the delinquency(Crystal L. Murry). Financial stress Financial stress can directly and indirectly affect children because it increases parental mental and emotional distress, which limits a parent’s capability to respond sensitively and consistently to their children’s needs. More specifically, parents that are more commonly observed among low-income populations have behaviors of parental harshness, non-responsiveness, and inconsistency and are assumed to arise in part from the high levels of parental stress that accompany poverty. Parents having low income have the tendency to fail to express their affection and fail to respond to their child’s needs. (H. Abigail Raikes). Gay and Lesbian Families Sigmund Freud viewed homosexuality as a disturbed psychosexual development wherein the social orientation of the child is due to its relationship with his or her parents. Psychologists, as well as other professionals form other disciplines such as endocrinology and genetics have studied and discovered other possible causes of homosexuality (Dennis L. Peck). Before, same-sex families were inconceivable. However, in 1980s, the situation began to change and have changed the views of family life for gays and lesbians. Due to socioeconomic independence of women of lesbian families, the medical advances of in-vitro fertilization and sex transplant, acceptance of gays and lesbians by adoption agencies and courts, planned gay and lesbian parenting had increased tremendously but during the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was argument about same-sex families, particularly child-rearing by gays and lesbians. Solutions to Problems Having time for the family will be helpful in strengthening the family and businesses providing flexible working schedule will be of great help. The power of media has great influence on the youth; therefore, they should make effort on portraying positive views on marriage and valuing education. The parents should be attentive to their child’s learning in and out of school. No-fault divorce legislation establishes conjugal property that should be divided by both parties, assigning the child’s custody, and awarding alimony. Open communication is important so that problems and conflicts can be addressed within the members of the family. Nowadays, it is acceptable that both parents are working to support the financial needs of the family but make sure that there is still time for relaxation and bonding of the family members especially during special occasions. There are also government agencies, insurance company, law firms and consultants that provide legal and financial support for the child, spouse and elder that are victims of domestic violence.

SAT Testing :: essays papers

SAT Testing Testing for our colleges Many Parents and educators are telling kids who are entering college, to drop the pencil and don’t take the standardized test. Educators say using an SAT or ACT for an admissions test is biased and unfair to ethnic minorities. Also gender differences and socioeconomic status plays a role on if you get a better score on these test or not. In my research I will show that there are similarities within ethnic and gender differences and women are vastly approaching males scores on these tests. But I will also briefly touch on the subject of income and how having more money makes you have a better score. If we were to take a look at the gender differences in education and the outcomes within the ethnic groups we would better understand the differences in educational achievement and opportunity. Gender differences within racial and ethnic lines revealed far more similarities than differences. Test scores did not differ that much from one ethnic group to another. You can see from the 2000 College Bound Seniors test scores: SAT Total Test-Takers: 1,260,278, of whom 53.7% are female Verbal Math Total Ethnic Group American Indian or Alaskan Native 482 481 963 Asian, Asian Amer., or Pacific Islander 499 565 1064 African American or Black 434 426 860 Mexican or Mexican American 453 460 913 Puerto Rican 456 451 907 Other Hispanic or Latino 461 467 928 White 528 530 1058

Nutrition programs Essay

Traditionally, nutrition programs were targeted to the indigent and poor populations in developing countries. Many of today’s Americans are malnourished also, but they are inundated with unhealthy foods and require a multidisciplinary approach to nutrition education. What would be the three most important points to include in a public nutrition program? Provide current literature to support your answer and include two nutritional education community resources. Answer: Although we already know it is essential to eat a healthy diet, we may find it more challenging to sort through all of the information about nutrition and food choices. Nutrition is the provision to cells and organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food) to support life. Healthy eating helps prevent high cholesterol and high blood pressure and helps reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Many people today in America are malnourished and it is mostly due to indulging in unhealthy/poor dietary intake. These problems can be controlled by utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to public education. The doctors, social workers, nurses, dieticians and other health educators involved in health promotion should all have a part in ensuring and promoting healthy dietary intake with appropriate food portions and increasing physical activity. The three most important points to include in a public nutrition program are (a) the relationship between food choices and chronic disease such as high blood pressure (high salt intake), high lipids (high fat intake), obesity/diabetes (high sugar/carb intake/low activity) and much more. Educating the public on how to use natural herbs/ seasonings, or salt substitute, reading labels for nutritional contents and ingredients and eating low carb food are all vital factors to know. It is also very important to increase your physical activity daily. Another important point to include is (b) the nutritional assessment. Individuals need to be assessed for their nutritional status and risk. This will help to â€Å"tailor the food packages, design appropriate nutritional education and make referrals to health and social services† (USDA, 2015). The next would be  the nutrition for mothers and children in regards to lactation counselling and school lunch programs. Newborn maternal nursing along with children’s’ nutrition is also a very important point to address. There are a lot of mother/baby classes in the community to help promote breastfeeding, infant meals, and children lunch box ideas. Schools are also in a unique position to promote healthy eating and help ensure appropriate food and nutrient intake among students. There are many nutritional education community resources that helps families in America to improve their nutritional status. They are (A) MyPlate Program: This was created by Michelle Obama in 2011 to serve as a reminder for people to create/make healthier food choices. It put emphasis on eating lots of fruits, grains, vegetables, protein foods and dietary foods. (B) The woman, infant and children program (WIC): This program assist pregnant women, new moms and young children obtain and eat healthy foods. Qualified individuals can only purchase healthy food items. Nutritional education is also provided for qualified individuals at no cost to them. References: MyPlate, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate WIC Program Nutrition Education Guidance, 2006. Retrieved from: http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/learning_Center/ntredguidance.pdf Edelman, C.L., Kudzman, E, C., Mandel, C. L., (2014). Health promotion throughout the Lifespan. St. Louis: Elsevier.

Analysis of the Standard Enthalpy of Combustion for Alcohols Essay

Aim: To investigate the standard enthalpy change of combustion for 5 consecutive alcohols in the alcohol homologous series, methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol, by using a calorimetric method to calculate the heat gained by the 100cm3 water in the experiment, and thus the heat lost by the alcohol lamp at standard temperature and pressure (298 K and 101.3 kPa). Background Knowledge: Alcohols are organic compounds containing Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon. The alcohols are a homologous series containing the functional –OH group. As we move down the homologous series of alcohols, the number of Carbon atoms increase. Each alcohol molecule differs by –CH2; a single Carbon atom and two Hydrogen atoms. Combustion is the oxidation of carbon compounds by oxygen in air to form CO2 and H2O. Combustion produces heat as well as carbon dioxide and water. The enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of a fuel is burned completely in oxygen. When alcohol undergoes complete combustion it produces carbon dioxide and water as products, and energy is released. The standard enthalpy of combustion of an alcohol (à ¢H °comb) is the enthalpy change when one mole of an alcohol completely reacts with oxygen under standard thermodynamic conditions (temperature of 25 °C and pressure of 101.3 kPa). The standard enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols varies depending on their molecular size. The greater the number of carbons, the higher the standard enthalpy of combustion, as there is the presence of more bonds. The larger the alcohol molecule, the more bonds will be broken and formed, and therefore more heat will be produced. Using experiments, the standard enthalpy of combustion of an alcohol can be found, buy first finding the heat released during the reaction using the equation Heat=mass of water Ãâ€"specific heat capacity of water Ãâ€"rise in temperature of water Note: The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 Jg-1 °C-1. and then finding the number of moles of alcohol burnt, and dividing the heat by this number. Equipment: 1. 250 cm3 Conical flask 2. 100 cm3  ± 0.08 cm3 pipette 3. Loggerpro thermometer 4. 5 x different consecutive alcohol spirit burners (eg. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol) 5. Stand 6. 2 x clamps 7. Scales 8. 1500 cm3 distilled water 9. Heat proof mat 10. Matches Method: 1. Connect the temperature sensor to the datalogger. Connect the datalogger to the computer. Ensure the datalogging software is loaded and set to record the temperature of the sensor. Set the sampling rate to 1 sample per second for 210 seconds. 2. Using the pipette, pipette 100 cm3 distilled water into the conical flask. 3. Set up the stand, and clamp the conical flask 25 cm from the table. Also clamp the temperature probe 30 cm from the table, so that it is submerged in the distilled water but not in contact with the conical flask walls. 4. Weigh the alcohol lamp (including its cap) using the scales and record the mass. 5. Place alcohol lamp directly under the conical flask on a heat proof mat. 6. Click ‘collect’ on datalogger to start recording the temperature. After 30 seconds, light the alcohol lamp. 7. When the datalogger reaches 210 seconds immediately extinguish the flame by replacing the cap. ‘Store the latest run’ in loggerpro. 8. Re-weigh the alcohol lamp (including cap) as soon as possible after extinguishing the lamp. 9. Repeat steps 2 – 8 with the same alcohol to obtain trail 2, and trial 3 results. 10. Repeat steps 2 – 9 for 4 other consecutive alcohols. 11. Calculate the average change in mass of each alcohol and calculate the change in temperature of water for each trial. 12. Calculate energy absorbed by this using q=mcà ¢T then calculate à ¢H °comb=qn 13. Plot the graph of à ¢H °combversus number of carbons in alcohol. Apparatus: temperature probe datalogger device 5 cm 25 cm alcohol lamp loggerpro collector on computer heatproof mat 100 cm3 distilled water conical flask clamp clamp Variables: 1. Independent The alcohol used to heat water will be changed, however all alcohols will be primary. The range of alcohols will be 5 consecutive alcohols from the homologous series; methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol. 1. Dependent The change in temperature of the 100cm3 distilled water when heated by an alcohol lamp. 1. Measure the initial temperature and final temperature using loggerpro. The change in temperature can be calculated by: ΔT=T(final)-T(initial) 1. Controlled Finding the à ¢H using à ¢H °comb=qn Controlled Variables How is it controlled? Effect on experiment if uncontrolled Type of liquid Using only distilled water for all trials throughout the experiment. Different liquids could result in a difference in the strength of attractive forces between particles, meaning a different specific heat capacity which would affect the calculation of energy gain to water using the equation q=mcà ¢T, and thus an incorrect enthalpy change value. Volume of liquid used Measure 100cm3 of distilled water by using 100 cm3  ± 0.08 cm3 graduated pipette for each trial. If the volume was not exactly 100 cm3 it would directly affect the mass of the water which will affect the q=mcà ¢T value and thus the à ¢H value. Material glassware Use the same brand and materials of a conical flask for all trials. Different materials have different conductivity and may absorb more heat from the alcohol lamp, affecting the overall heat absorbed by the distilled water. Using the same material and brand of conical flask ensures that this is the same for each experiment. Temperature of surroundings For standard enthalpy of combustion, the temperature must be 25 °C however in a classroom this is hard to control, so for each experiment the temperature will stay constant at 19 °C. If the surrounding temperature was to be changing, the distilled water could be losing more, or gaining more heat energy from the surroundings, directly affecting the temperature change and therefore, q=mcà ¢T and the à ¢H value. Distance between the conical flask and alcohol lamp A clamp will be set at a distance of 25 cm from the table, and this the flask will sit at the same height each trial. If the distance changes, the heat lost to the surroundings varies and the heat that reaches the bottom of the calorimeter also varies. This will lead to a difference in rise in temperature of water (à ¢T), and therefore an incorrect calculation for q=mcà ¢T and à ¢H value. Pressure of surroundings For standard enthalpy of combustion the pressure must be 1 atm, however in a classroom this is hard to obtain, so all experiments will be done in a room with the same pressure. Might influence the vapour pressure point, which will affect the q=mcà ¢T value, and thus the à ¢H. Duration of heating The water will be headed for 180 seconds. This ensures that all experiments have the same time to heat the water which directly effects the change in temperature and thus the q=mcà ¢T calculation and the à ¢H value. References: http://gandhijkt.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/chemistry-sample-lab-report.pdf http://www.ausetute.com.au/heatcomb.html http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/chemistry/chemical-energetics/revise-it/enthalpy-changes

Compare two film posters between different genre Essays

Compare two film posters between different genre Essays Compare two film posters between different genre Paper Compare two film posters between different genre Paper Both the film posters are effective in promoting the film and conveying meaning to the audience. They both use many effective visual devices to do this. The gesture codes are effective visual devices that are used to show facial expressions and body language. Film poster one presents us with a very strong opening image. That of a towering ferocious ape, King Kong. Kong is presented in a crouching pose, shielding the female protagonist from the audience. His protective state suggests he is acting contrary to his animal roots and protecting rather then killing the human female. Also on Kongs forehead we can see a deep scar, showing that even someone as appretnly vicious as Kong can receive harm. This allows the audience to perceive Kong with perhaps not sympathy but definelty a better understanding of his appeal to the audience. The female represents a binary opposite to the posters main focus. Wheares Kong is portrayed as a huge angry ape, our woman protagonist is a small dainty and clearly in some kind of distress. This plays perfect, as her stereotypical feminity allows the audience to understand her better, and the same applies for Kongs body language, as the stereotypical big caring masculine here, or in this case anti-hero. Our female protagonist does not seem scare, rather in awe of this huge beast. Her body language prompts lack of fear and amazement at her position. War Of The Worlds seems to have no gesure codes, it differs from King Kong as it does not portay the protagonist. This is typical of the genre, often Sci-fi films focus on there monster or special effects, rather then there actors. By looking closely at the hand of the alien, we can see the hand throbbing with power and strength, thus displaying a strong action code. But by hiding the aliens face it really gives the poster a strong enigma code. The composition of mise-en-scene shows a strong contrast between the two film posters. King Kong places us above Kong, making us feel more powerful then him. Allowing us to realize that even though he is 10 feet tall, he is still an animal. Also by highlighting the vibrant New York city backdrop it gives us a chance to see the wonderland that Kong has scaled. This adds to the enigma of the poster allowing the audience to see how high he has climbed. The natural colors of the poster also makes this poster seems out of genre. An autumn summery mix of pastel like colours arent exactly typical fantasy conventions, especially ape-related fantasy. While War Of The Worlds places us at a low camera angle, below the gaping hand that is crushing our world. By placing us below the hand it really makes audience feel inferior and helpless. The pitch black background contrats perfectly with the suspended evil that the hand displays. By being very sparse and simple in its appeal , War Of The Worlds swaps emotion for a strong enigma code and downright fear. This works very well, as most Sci-Fi films do not rely on huge emotional ploys, rather than enemies or spacships. Whereas Kong does rile up various feelings. By seeing Kong on top of a large building, this builds a lot of awe, intrigue and mostly excitement. I believe this poster is a metaphor for the female protagonists love of Kong. Just sheer amazement and wonder. Both film posters lack what is considered the key convention of film posters, a tagline , but for this there is good reason. Both these posters advertise remakes of older classic versions. For this reason a tagline is not really required as the audience has there own ideas about the plot and fore knowledge of picture. Also by not placing a tagline on either poster, it really adds to the enigma codes of both films respectively. Both films intial intrest would be gained via the directors rather than the stars. Both having Oscar winning directors at the chair gives the films a sense of purpose and prestige. By having there names on the posters, it relieves the audience that these arent going to be terrible remakes. King Kong uses its maing star Kong to attract the attention of the audience. By placing him at the mainstay of the screen it will surely attract all the previous fans of the series. Whereas War Of The Worlds displays no famous stars, but by showing the alien gripping the world this will surely grip sci-fi fans.

Explain Descartes skeptical argument according to a prompt Term Paper

Explain Descartes skeptical argument according to a prompt - Term Paper Example This lack of insight forms the basis of the argument as the mediator notices that there are certain instances when he is convinced he is awake and surrounded by real objects but he is in fact sleeping and dreaming. Descartes takes the lack of insight to be an outcome of sense perception and dreams being composed of the same content. This can be noted when the mediator argues that he is awake since everything is clear and distinct then he backtracks and reminds himself that the dreamscape can be deceiving as it always seems as clear and distinct during that moment in time (Descartes 33). The dream argument however accepts that although the present sensations and perceptions could be from a dream, they are however drawn from experiences when awake. The mediator compares this to a painter who creates a fantasy image of a mermaid, which at its basic level is composed of composite parts present in the real world, that is, a woman and a fish. Thus the final important aspect of the dream argument as noted by the mediator is that although he cannot trust composite things, he has to trust the simple and universal parts that make a whole such as size, quantity, shape and time (Descartes 34). This means that studies based on basic things such as geometry and arithmetic are trustworthy while those based on composite items such as medicine and astrology cannot be trusted. From the dream argument we can delineate two important facts. First is that dreams have an inexhaustible ability to mimic the real world and secondly, whether dreaming or awake, the clearest thoughts of intellect remain uncompromised. While Descartes dream argument may have been valid in the 21st century, the current conditions make its applicability suspect. Scientists have developed a sensory module that detects when our sense impressions are caused by objects and how accurately those impressions are.

Science Meets Real Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science Meets Real Life - Essay Example By using the precepts of the scientific methods, it follows that critical thinking in essence is employed. This is not limited to the study of science but to all other disciplines which delves on sought-after solutions to problems. Through the testing and answering of personal questions which leads to plausible answers scientific thinking is used. This is in essence thinking correctly and coming up with reliable answers in most aspects in life. The process of scientific thinking and critical thinking is one and the same in practice and theory. It may only be within the grounds of who uses what wherein the difference lies but both are used by human beings regularly (Schafersman, 1997). Upon arriving at home and finding out that the light would not turn on begins the process of scientific inquiry. Faced with the recognition of a change within the surroundings of the house, the initial progression within the method was conceived, the acknowledgement of a problem. Simple logic suggests that one should exhaust efforts to locate and solve the problem. The mature thing to do is to remedy the dilemma sensibly and not be infantile about the situation. When a problem arises, it only becomes aggravated when not dealt with the utmost perception of common reason. In this case the problem encompasses a number of things. The fact that the lights would not turn on is the main problem. Second, it is already well within the night and I would be hesitant about calling a handyman for reasons that include, one, I would assume it is already past their working schedule and two, I have some confidence I may be able to solve the problem myself. Another problem that comes with it is that the problem is located in part of the house which is dark and would therefore be a further complication on the matter at hand. On this stage the most conceivable thing to do is to go back in memory and think of the most relevant details

Somalia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Somalia - Essay Example In our present age, Somalia has always been the epitome of poverty. Pictures of toothpick-thin Somali children have flooded the magazines all over the world, with drooping eyes seemingly begging for our help. Until now, their state conditions had barely changed. Almost 15 years after Somalia fell apart in 1991 in spate of clan-based rebellions against the genocidal, 22-year dictatorship of President Mohammed Siad Barre, the fear and the loathing in this country still exists. Since 1991, there have been fourteen efforts at national reconciliation; to date, none has been successful. Various groupings of Somali factions have sought to control the national territory (or portions thereof) and have fought small wars with one another. Dahir Riyale Kahin was elected President of the self-declared "Republic of Somaliland," which is made up of the former northwest provinces of the Somali republic, in presidential elections deemed free and fair by international observers in May 2003. In 1998, t he area of Puntland in the northeast declared itself autonomous (although not independent) as the "State of Puntland" with its capital at Garowe. Puntland declared it would remain autonomous until a federated Somalia state was established (US Department of State, 2005). As we all know, the terrible famine of 1993 in the south was entirely induced by civil war. A US- and UN-led humanitarian intervention failed to understand Somali complexities, was humiliated, and when it left in 1995 had only instigated more conflicts to arise.

Leadership 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership 1 - Assignment Example This paper compares and contrasts these two leadership models. In addition, this paper also explicates under what conditions these theories would be utilized, what is important about them, and how they would be significant to the nursing profession. In defining leadership, Couig (2012) elucidates the four elements that make up leadership. Firstly, there must be a procedure or course of action between a leader and his or her adherents. Secondly, the leader must have authority or control over the adherents. Thirdly, leadership must occur in a group set-up with a universal target, and fourthly, projected objectives must be achieved. Leadership theories are based on these elements. Situational leadership theory was coined in by Hersey and Blanchard in the 1970s and was originally referred to as life-cycle theory. At first Ledlow and Coppola (2010. p. 73) notes that "Hersey and Blanchard identified four possible styles of leadership: telling, selling, participating, and delegating". Telling involves giving instructions to the followers on how to behave and conduct their activities; selling denotes giving directions while at the same time encouraging followers; participating involve crating connections or affiliations; and delegating involve allocating specific roles to followers but at the same time offer supervision (Ledlow and Coppola, 2010). According to this theory, the leader is obliged to consider the range of attributes available in a particular state of affairs in order to make an informed decision. According to Couig (2010), the leader is also obligated to alter or transform his leadership approach and align it with the level of preparedness of adheren ts, their level of motivation, and capability. For instance, employees with low levels of motivation require a different approach as compared to those with high motivation levels. The second leadership theory is

Child Independence And Thinking Skills

Child Independence And Thinking Skills Critical independent thinking skills are very important for your children. These important skills can enhance self-esteem and promote an ability to meet any challenging situation with ease and optimism. However, as parents we can hinder our childrens ability to develop independence thinking skills by helping or doing more than they actually need. Sometimes, we may even never realize that we are actually doing all the work for them. In life, parents just love their children and they want to take care of their children in every possible way. However, parents may also forget that going all the way to help their children may actually hinder their childrens ability to develop independence thinking skills. One of the primary goals of parents is to help children develop the intense desire and ability to think on their own without others help. Independent thinking is the desire or wish of a person to convince him or her that the information and detail being presented is true, worthy or reasonable. Why attitude of independence is important for your children? A child who develops independence skills will always feel more confident about themselves and their ability to solve intricate life problems especially when you are not there. You children will feel on top of the world when they work on their own and without your help. They will also show a heightened enthusiasm to work more to achieve minor goals and objectives. Just think how your children will be excited when they learn to wear their socks or zip up the jacket for the first time without any help from you! Just by doing these simple things, they feel so proud of their ability to do things on their own. Developing independence skills will provide a number of benefits to your children such as: A steep rise in confidence level and self-esteem An ability to solve problems those occur in daily life Developing compassion and love for others An ability to help others when they are in problems Better self-image and enthusiasm When children feel that they can do things on their own, they will also naturally want to learn and master new skills or solve intricate problems. For example, a child who has repeatedly worked on buttoning her blouse and who finally does it without her parents help will naturally demand to try wear that blouse all by herself without help from anyone. Alternatively, a boy who has repeatedly tried to tie his shoelace and who finally does it without his parents help will start trying to slip the shoes himself. You feel normally excited and thrilled, if your children are learning all things with their own initiative. This is what most parents expect from their children too. Obviously, parents also want their children learn new things, skills and abilities on their way to adulthood. However, these events may happen only when parents provide their children an opportunity to try to do things on their own. In nutshell, you may need to encourage independence in your children by watching patiently when your small children try to button their shirts on their own even if they take many minutes. If you lose your patience at this critical juncture, you will probably hindering or preventing your children from learning important independence skills. If you observe that your children are failing in their act of learning new skills, you may need to encourage them to try again instead of helping your children with your own efforts. Independence skills are practical life skills. These skills can easily assist your children develop confidence, feel less scared or nervous and eventually face any situations that are likely to be encountered at school and public places. Regardless of what children, may demand or they feel need, parents may need to try to train them in acquiring critical independence skills and responsibilities. Mind you, it is a lifelong commitment that might be difficult to achieve and satisfy. Not all children may succeed in learning these skills. There could be many reasons for this perceived failure. Development milestones are not the same among all children. Some of them may show keenness to learn independence thinking skills while others may take some more time to learn them. Whatever the case, parents will need to give enough opportunities for their children to learn these skills at an early age. Cleaning up rooms, tables, helping parents finish house chore and getting ready for the school are some of the most important skills that your children can learn. Today, families around the world are busier than ever. Parents also feel bad about not giving enough time for their children. When parents use the available time by working with their children, they can easily teach very important lessons about independence and responsibility. Teaching Your Children Independence Skills How Parents can be Proactive in Training their children Tying shoelaces, buttoning the shirt, cleaning the study table, doing laundry and doing homework on own without parents help these are some of the most common yet important responsibilities for a child. These simple activities may look and feel very simple to many of us. However, they can pose a big challenge for most of the children who are under the age of 10 years. To an adult, these simple jobs may look monotonous and regular. However, these perceived simple tasks may look humungous to most children. There are many skills and techniques that your children mist learn and master before they leave home for their higher studies. Acquiring independence thinking skills at an early age will help your children build confidence and self-esteem. Young children and toddlers often like to do very meaningful and understandable adult-type tasks. Many times, they are too enthusiastic about doing things on their own. What they lack are the techniques or methods to perform these tasks. To help your children succeed in learning independence skills, you may need to set up a congenial physical environment to assist them become more independent. To set up an atmosphere for doing work on own, you may wish to provide: Easy climb and sit chairs; your children should be able to get in and out of the chair independently, Easily climbable stools near sinks and wash places so that children can easily wash their hands before and after eating, An easily reachable waste tub where children can deposit refuse and wastage after snack and dinner time, Cleaning towels and sponges that can help children clean up What you can do to help your children become independent: Providing ample opportunities: Provide plenty of opportunities for your children to learn independent thinking skills. Your children should understand that learning independence skills will help them become efficient and enabled in their classroom and out of it. As a parent, you may wish to cajole your children to do work on their own and without your help. When your children understand that doing small tasks with their own initiatives is good for them, they will try to work on small tasks that are simple and straightforward. Encourage independence: As far as possible, give limited choices for your children. When your children have limited choices in front of them, they will try to achieve excellence in the tasks they want to perform. Ensure that you respect your childrens preferences. Example: Let us say that you are giving drinking chocolate to your children. You may now give just two options for them. Ask this simple question Do you need that orange cup or the blue cup? Alternatively, your children want to dress up for their piano class. You may ask your children this simple question The red dress is that side drawer and the grey one is in the cupboard. Pick the one that you like. Here, your children will try to assess the merit of your question and decide on their answers after thinking over it for some time. Show flexibility towards your children: Becoming independent takes lot of time. Respect your childs natural limitations. Never ever, pressurize your children beyond certain limits. Make sure that you integrate the training within the ambit of your work. Use the available opportunities to teach your children independence thinking skills. Involve your children in making plans: You can ask your children to suggest you ideas to help make the learning program a success. Children can give wonderful ideas. Use their abilities to help them succeed in learning independence thinking skills. Explain what independence is: You may wish to explain the benefits and advantages of mastering independence thinking skills. Tell them how learning such skills will help in classroom and in other places. Let children try to do work on own: Some children will try to do small tasks on own. For example, children love to button their shirts or tie shoelaces. Most children fail in their first few attempts because it is natural; children may not develop the necessary muscle-eye-bone coordination when they are young. Let them try to do their tasks. If they fail, you can help them but with solutions to the problems. Tell them how they can button up their shirts and demonstrate the act by standing in front of them. Be affirmative and reinforce positive assertions: Always, reinforce positive reinforcement and avoid negative ones. Be positive with your children and help your children become positive as well. If they do any task with success, compliment them with your heart. There are a number of independent thinking skills that your children must learn and master to become successful in life. Here are some of them: Note: The most important skill that your children must learn is to realize that mastering independent thinking skills will help them achieve critical goals. 1. Encourage your children to ask questions and find answers with their own efforts 2. Make sure that the questions should always have a why and what happens if component attached to them. 3. Your children should find their own solutions or answers to their problems. Buttoning a shirt is one classic example. Most children often fail in their first attempt. However, they will master the task with continuous repetitions. 2. Teach your children experimentation. Your children should be able to experiment on simple challenges and tasks till they find a valid solution. Please remember that learning independent thinking skills relates very closely with performing most common daily tasks. Children who develop critical independent thinking skills can be very successful in their life.

Melatonin And The Pineal Gland :: essays research papers fc

Melatonin And The Pineal Gland Set deep in our brains is a tiny gland called the pineal gland. This tiny gland is in charge of the endocrine system, the glandular system that controls most of our bodily functions. The pineal runs our Å’body clocks', and it produces melatonin; the hormone that may prove to be the biggest medical discovery since penicilin, and the key to controlling the aging process. The pineal gland controls such functions as our sleeping cycle and the change of body temperature that we undergo with the changing seasons. It tells animals when to migrate north and south, and when to grow or shed heavy coats. By slowing down and speeding up their metabolisms, it tells them when to fatten up for hibernation, and when to wake up from hibernation in the spring. Melatonin is the hormone that controls not only when we feel sleepy, but the rate at which we age, when we go through puberty, and how well our immune systems fend off diseases. Being set in the middle of our brains, the pineal gland has no direct access to sunlight. Our eyes send it a message of how much sunlight they see, and when it's dark. The sunlight prohibits the gland from producing melatonin, so at night, when there's no sun, the sleep-inducing hormone is released into our bodies. Because of the pineal gland and melatonin, humans have known to sleep at night and wake during the day since long before the age of alarm clocks. Humans don't produce melatotin right from birth; it is transfered in utero to babies through the placenta. For their first few days of life, babies still have to receive it from breast milk. Our levels of melatonin peak during childhood, then decrease at the beginning of puberty, so that other hormones can take control of our bodies. As we get older, the amount of melatonin we produce continues to decrease until at age 60, we produce about half as much as we did at age 20. With the rapid decrease from about age 50 on, the effects of old age quickly become more visible and physically evident. With what scientists have recently discovered, we may very soon be able to harness melatonin to slow down aging, fend off disease, and keep us feeling generally healthy and energetic; not to mention the things melatonin can do for us right now like curing insomnia and regulating sleeping patterns, eliminating the effects of jet-lag, and relieving every day stress. Melatonin is known as the "regulator of regulators", because it sends out Melatonin And The Pineal Gland :: essays research papers fc Melatonin And The Pineal Gland Set deep in our brains is a tiny gland called the pineal gland. This tiny gland is in charge of the endocrine system, the glandular system that controls most of our bodily functions. The pineal runs our Å’body clocks', and it produces melatonin; the hormone that may prove to be the biggest medical discovery since penicilin, and the key to controlling the aging process. The pineal gland controls such functions as our sleeping cycle and the change of body temperature that we undergo with the changing seasons. It tells animals when to migrate north and south, and when to grow or shed heavy coats. By slowing down and speeding up their metabolisms, it tells them when to fatten up for hibernation, and when to wake up from hibernation in the spring. Melatonin is the hormone that controls not only when we feel sleepy, but the rate at which we age, when we go through puberty, and how well our immune systems fend off diseases. Being set in the middle of our brains, the pineal gland has no direct access to sunlight. Our eyes send it a message of how much sunlight they see, and when it's dark. The sunlight prohibits the gland from producing melatonin, so at night, when there's no sun, the sleep-inducing hormone is released into our bodies. Because of the pineal gland and melatonin, humans have known to sleep at night and wake during the day since long before the age of alarm clocks. Humans don't produce melatotin right from birth; it is transfered in utero to babies through the placenta. For their first few days of life, babies still have to receive it from breast milk. Our levels of melatonin peak during childhood, then decrease at the beginning of puberty, so that other hormones can take control of our bodies. As we get older, the amount of melatonin we produce continues to decrease until at age 60, we produce about half as much as we did at age 20. With the rapid decrease from about age 50 on, the effects of old age quickly become more visible and physically evident. With what scientists have recently discovered, we may very soon be able to harness melatonin to slow down aging, fend off disease, and keep us feeling generally healthy and energetic; not to mention the things melatonin can do for us right now like curing insomnia and regulating sleeping patterns, eliminating the effects of jet-lag, and relieving every day stress. Melatonin is known as the "regulator of regulators", because it sends out

Theresa Kennedy Instructor

The business plan I chose was a child care services business plan titled Kid’s Community College, this business plan is very well thought out and provides much strength. The owner/proprietor has seventeen years of executive management experience, budgeting experience, and has a lot of knowledge in advanced technology. The industry consultant is relied upon for industry expertise and offers insight regarding rules and regulations, and government programs.This person is qualified as they own their own licensed day care. The campus director has a BS in education, two years experience as a Facility Administrator, two years experience as an Operations Manager, five years of managerial experience, and three years of grant writing experience. The vice president offers college level public relations experience, five years of customer service experience, eight years of child care services experience, and extensive knowledge in dance, art, and theatre.The business plan expresses a need for an experienced CPA and expresses that some of the current members need to obtain their Child Care Development Associate credentials, which will be a requirement among future upper-level employees. The business model is very well developed and researched. The plan provides breakdowns of what capital is needed to start-up, maintain the business, and provides an anticipated growth plan for the next three years. The plan also provides information on how many students are required to be enrolled, on an average weekly basis, to break even.Furthermore, the plan provides information for anticipated growth into a franchise consisting of three separate locations. The owner also researched the need for services in the area, the competitors and how to offer services to differentiate the Kid’s College from competitors, and how many â€Å"target† homes were within the ten mile radius. The owner also researched what the projected growth of the community is by researching construc tion of new homes. I believe the services this plan depicts are well-designed to compete with competitors in the surrounding areas.I also think the company has a sound mission statement and has put much thought into how to go about achieving the goals stated in the mission statement. I think this business will attract many clients as the owner intends to be active in the community, form partnerships with local businesses, and offer discounts to clients of partnering businesses. I believe the market segments are accurately targeted. The price the organization will charge for the services they intend to offer will meet this segment’s budget, and there is definitely a need for quality child care services when both parents have a career.The location of the proposed business is in a medical plaza which also houses a fitness center. Clients of the fitness center have already expressed a need for child care services. The company has ideal plans for marketing their services. I think the pre-enrollment drives, waiver of application fees on initial start-up of the business, and community weekends will be a superior way of attracting clients and building a strong reputation.The start-up members provide adequate support for customer service relations and management responsibilities, but I feel as the business grows these areas will need to be strengthened. I also feel the educational instructors and activities instructors need to be implemented as soon as possible so as not to weaken the mission statement and goals of the facility. The plan was very well organized and thought out. The charts provide a detailed break down of revenue which shows that the company will be stable, and make a profit.Further break downs show that a minimum average of thirty four students a week is necessary to break even. The customer demand for child care services in the area is increasing. The owner cites the 2000 Florida Business Census shows there is an annual population growth of 2% per year and with the residential construction that is under way this growth is supposed to reach 14. 6% per year. The existing business plan has room for potential growth if necessary. The employees’ growth is anticipated and encouraged through various incentives.The plan proposes encouraging employees by offering incentives for obtaining quarterly financial and enrollment goals, probationary completion, passing county inspections that may be required, perfect attendance, tuition reimbursement, and customer service awards for those who exceed customer expectations. These incentives will motivate employees in their jobs and increase product quality.References  http://www. bplans. com/child_day_care_services_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. cfm

Mabe Case Essay

Internationalization Strategy MABE has a good internationalization strategy with widely spread manufacturing plants in Mexico and Latin America, such as Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. It relies highly on acquisitions and JVs with local brands to lower manufacturing cost and increase its market share by entering different markets. This strategy is valuable as it decreases net costs and increases net revenues. It is rare because one third of all gas, electric ranges and refrigerators sold in the U.S. are manufactured by MABE. It is also hard to imitate as MABE spent many years to develop its plants in Mexico and Latin America, thus, competitors would face a cost disadvantage in developing similar strategy. Its products can be easily substituted as GE is still one of the largest competitors. However, MABE has exploited the full potential of this strategy in the international market. Research & Development In the early stage of development, MABE formed alliance with GE and took advantage of the foreign technology and penetrated new market. Later on, it developed higher and more sophisticated technical skills and decreased reliance on GE and developed its proprietary technology. It has used its R&D capability to exploit opportunities in the electric stoves, refrigerators, dish washing machines and clothing dryers markets. Thus, its R&D skill is valuable. Also, it is rare and non-substitute because very few competitors possess these skills and it will be costly for competitors to duplicate. MABE exploits its R&D by constant adaptation and innovation to ensure success in the growing appliance market. Organizational Culture MABE has a well-established multinational organizational culture. It hired engineering graduates and assigned them with seasoned MABE and GE executives. It used GE’s methodology of â€Å"action learning† so that multidisciplinary teams of executives can work together to recommend ways to enter into new markets. This organizational culture is valuable as it plays an important role in shaping management and employees’ values, expectations, behaviors, and experiences. It is not rare as many multinational firms have good organizational culture. Notwithstanding, it is non-substitutable because organizational structure is set up by many years of business experience and every organization has its own typical organizational  culture, so it is hard to imitate from one to another. MABE is organized to fully exploit its resources and capabilities. Summary: MABE has a sustainable competitive advantage in the international market because it takes advantage of all of its uni que resources and capabilities and continue to expand its market and remain competitive. External Analysis Porter’s five forces Degree of Rivalry — Moderate to High In the Russian appliance industry, majority of the market share is shared among Indesit, Bosch-Siemens and LG. MABE occupies less than 1 percent of market share and falls far behind 9 other major competitors. Due to the market size (i.e. $3 billion) and profitability (i.e. two times the average operating margin), the appliance market is attractive to foreign investors. Thus, the degree of rivalry is moderate to high. Threat of Substitute — Low to Moderate Before entering the appliance industry, initial capital and technologies are required. MABE has existed for a while now and has continuously produced good quality appliances, therefore, no better substitute for stove, freezer and washing machine are available. However, due to weather conditions, living habits and customs, the consumption of canned food may substitute the freezer sales as it is convenient and easy to store. Hence, the threat of substitute is low to moderate. Threat of New Entrants — Moderate to high The threat of new entrants in Russia is moderate to high. On one hand, new entrants need to consider Russia’s culture, low foreign acceptance, trust issues, economic environment and unstable political position before entering Russian market. All these factors may result in potential risks in business. Conversely, the profitability of the appliance market in Russia attracts new entrants to the industry. Bargaining power of Buyers — Moderate to high Customers have many options in the Russia appliance industry. They can select products based on their preferences as there are nearly 9 strong brands to satisfy buyers various needs. Thus, the bargaining power of buyers is  moderate to high. Bargaining power of Supplier — Low to Moderate Suppliers have low to moderate bargaining power. When production is done by the JV, the supplier will have low bargaining power but when production is outsourced, supplier tend to have moderate bargaining power. Conclusion: Based on the analysis, the Russian economy is favorable with growing potential for the JV to exploit. Nevertheless, they have to pay more attention to the intensified rivalry and political and economic status and learn about customers’ needs as well as strive to increase economy of scale in order to achieve competitive advantage and increase profit and market share. PESTEL Analysis Political Russian State has high involvement and enormous influence over business activities and decision making. Moreover, there is political instability, weak legislative and enforcement regimes as well as immense corruption and bribery at all level. Therefore, it is vital that MABE understand the political risk when entering the market as it could have negative impact on their business as well as their reputation. Economic In 2008, the Russian economy was devastated by the recession which affected its monetary system. Among the BRIC countries, Russia has the highest FDI, per capita and discretionary incomes. It is also the world’s largest gas reserve and the second largest oil reserve. However, Russia economy offers low entry to small and medium size companies and its financial system is monopolized by one big bank resulting in a rather small domestic investment by locals and loan difficulty. Notwithstanding, there are still numerous opportunities for development that MABE can take advantage of if they can implement a method to handle these issues. Sociocultural Russia has a collective culture with informal social orientation and considers trust as a prominent factor in doing business especially with foreigners and it takes a considerable amount of time for foreign firms to earn the trust of locals. Therefore, the adaptation of MABE to the Russian cultural cues is essential. Furthermore, Russia is facing comparative  problems of population abatement, human capital deterioration, high mortality, low level of life expectancy, health and knowledge. In spite of the Russia’s vast natural resources, their declining human capital, low level of knowledge and other related issues have limited its social and economic development which will pose a problem for MABE to extract high skilled and competent workers. Technological Technological innovation and improvement is one of the main success factor to achieve competitive advantage in the appliance sector. In a merging market like Russia, with increasing competition, it is imperative that MABE invest more in technology improvement, innovation and development so as to stay abreast with the rapidly changing technological environment and improve their business efficiency, performance and competitiveness. Environmental Russia environment can be quiet hostile for foreign investment with several laws and regulations pertaining to environmental protection. For instance, doing AIDS test to obtain work permit and also, the hiring of several local work force in order for business to successfully operate in Russia. Additionally, there have been energy consumption regulations imposed by most government including Russia. Thus, MABE has to take into consideration these requirements and conditions. Legal Russia has had weak legislative and enforcement regimes with increasing corruption and bribery. Its biased legal and judicial systems, corrupt law enforcement, weak capital market institutions and poor private property right protection has relatively formed and increased the volatility and instability of its economy. This will lead to the loss of interest of existing and potential foreign firms to do business there. C onclusion Russia has an attractive and profitable appliance market with high technical innovation capabilities. However, the poor legislative and judicial system with a corrupt government that highly influences business practices makes it quite challenging and risky for entry into the country. Despite its social impediment and structure, there is still opportunities for successful entry in the market and for the joint venture to achieve its goal, it must adjust  itself to the Russian environment. CAGE Analysis Cultural Distance Administration and Political Distance Geographical Distance Economical Distance Attributes creating distance -Different languages, -Different religions, -Different ethnicity, Different social norms -Absence of colonial ties, -Different monetary system & currencies -Government policies -Different country size -Different climate -Limited sea access -Difference in customer income Cultural distance: Russia and Mexico have very distinct cultures. They have different languages, ethnicity, social norms and religions, hence, there is a huge cultural difference between them. Administration and Political Distance: Both country’s government have high influence on all aspect of business and other operations in the country. Although they suffer from the same poor political and legislative system as well as corruption and bribery, some administration and political differences still exist. Geographical Distance: Due to the large geographic distance between Russia and Mexico, goods can be exchange via transportation and most communication through information system. Economical Distance: Russia and Mexico are developing countries with similar economic situations such as average salary, GDP and population size. In this regards, the economic distance is little. Conclusion Russia and Mexico are somewhat similar in term of their political, economic and administrative situations while very different in term of culture and geography. However, as many factors need to be considered to adjust to the changes, the JV must adapt to the Russia environment. Alternative and Recommendation Decision Criteria Mabe has to make a decision based on its business objectives and these will be discussed below: International expansion Whether or not MABE decides to stop or continue with the JV, it will most likely still seek to go to other markets in the world since the JV was a result of its aim of wanting to explore new regions of the world and expand to other markets. If it decides to stay, it may partner with a local manufacturer in Russia as discussed in our third alternative or if Mabe decides to leave Russia, it may seek to enter into other markets in other regions of the world but these markets will also have their potential threats in addition to their opportunities and benefits. Business growth The major aim of Mabe wanting to expand operations to other regions of the world is to grow its business. In order to ensure that this happens, Mabe will have to tailor its next step on what to do about its JV in Russia to something that not only helps it expand to other countries, but one that also increases the growth of the business. Other factors Whether or not Mabe decides to continue with its present JV, go into another JV in Russia or go to another region of the world, it has to consider the current market situation there and the major market players to see if it can gain adequate market share that will sustain its business there. In addition to this, it also has to consider the business culture in the region and see  if its business can fit into their ways of doing things there. The available opportunities in those regions also matter but this may not be a huge problem in emerging markets unlike under developed regions. Even in the midst of these available opportunities, Mabe has to see if it has the resources that will enable it benefit from these opportunities. Another important factor is the threats in the region since they can serve as a major hindrance to not only taking advantage of opportunities, but also the growth of the business as a whole. The environment in which a business operates in goes a long way in determining how well it will perform. More on the external environment has been discussed in our external business analysis section. Alternatives Pros Cons -Strong customer purchasing power -Low economic and financial risk -Relatively lower cost of manufacturing -Transportation system is well established -Large number of potential business partners and investors -The level of price sensitivity is high. Thus, how to set up proper price becomes critical -Faces intense competition, i.e. Haier, Midea, Mitsubishi -A high level of government regulation and business requirements -Relative a high level of local bribery Recommendation According to the internal and external analysis, MABE should form a new joint venture with a Russian company for growth. Russia have one of the largest appliance market in the world with an impressive profit margin. However, it is relatively difficult and challenging to do business in Russia due to its political structure, sociocultural and economic environment. It’s best for MABE to work with a local Russian partner who knows the system and has extensive line of network in order to reduce the various connected risks. Furthermore, by entering the Russian market, Mabe will fully exploit its  resources and capabilities and will achieve its objectives of international expansion, business growth and increase in market share. Therefore, Alternative 3 is recommended. Implementation In order to resolve the above issue, it is important for MABE’s executives to comprehend and gain extensive knowledge of Russia’s business system and environment in order to be competitive. To implement the recommended alternative, a short and long term plan is discussed below. Short-run implementation Plan (See Exhibit 1) Phase 1 (day 1-7): A board meeting need be held to discuss and form a research team. A professional market analysts and few expatriates of MABE should travel to Russia on an exploratory visit to understand Russia market and find a reliable Russian manufacturer. At the same time, the research team should also hire local employees who are acquainted with the appliances market in Russia. In addition, the expatriates and executives should begin to learn the language and gain more knowledge about Russian culture because it helps to communicate with local manufacturers and employees in order to effectively operate the JV. Phase 2 (day 8-12): The research team should be divided into several groups to collect more information and make sure every aspect is considered. The groups should regularly meet to exchange information and insights to ensure that the current situation in Russia is updated. In this case, the advantage and disadvantage of each potential Russian company could be listed orderly by professional market analysts. Meanwhile, expatriates should keep learning. Phase 3 (day 13-19): Presentation should be well prepared for board members to show the knowledge and analysis about potential Russian partner. Board members will analyze and negotiate with these manufactures based on what is on the list. Phase 4 (day 20-31): With the help of lawyers, a contract will be drafted and negotiated with local partner about the business model, routine, strategy and management structure. Negotiation should not be stopped until the two companies are satisfied with the details. Phase 5 (day 29-38): The final contract should be prepared and signed by MABE and local partner. Then, the new Joint Venture would be set up and operation would begin. Long-run  Implementation Plan MABE should focus on the fastest growing segment, that is, the small and middle end products to increase profit and should show concern for the local employees and society by increasing salary, offering employee benefit and donating to the society. With extensive knowledge of Russia economy, MABE could forecast on the future trend of the Russian market and develop new strategies to compete in future situations There should be vast and continuous investment in R&D, technical innovations and process improvement in order to increase efficiency and competitiveness After fully develop in Russia, MABE could expand their reach in larger international markets like China to take advantage of the numerous growth opportunities. Contingency Plan If the recommended alternative does not work out, we would recommend that JV be dissolved and Mabe should exit the Russian market to another emerging market like South Africa. This is because it is relatively easy to do business there; it will help Mabe gain more presence in Africa as a whole which is politically and macro-economically stable with competitive labor costs. In addition, the country has better patent and copyright laws that will protect its innovations and designs from knockoffs as opposed to some other emerging markets like China.