Women Are Becoming A Growing Epidemic Of The Prison System

Women are becoming a growing epidemic in the prison system even since the early nineteenth century. There has always been a lack of urgency and care for women that are pregnant behind bars. Women were still to do hard labor regardless of their certain circumstance. Pregnant women receive no consideration, lack of medical assistance, and are still in shackles are watched under by the prison guards while spending the little time that they have with their children after birth. There should be a change in the way the system treats pregnant women because they are not just hurting the mother but the child as well and they basically are the reason why most of the babies die because of the lack of care and medication. Although they have committed a crime pregnant women they should still have rights as parents. Such as not being shackled during childbirth which means they are still being punished in this joyous moment in their lives. Many if not all prisons are putting these women in shackles if not keeping them in handcuffs as they are in labor and delivering the baby which is completely unfair. Even if that were the case I’m sure they are guarded by at least three or four men. In California, state law formally provides that â€Å"at no time shall a woman who is in labor be shackled by the wrists, ankles, or both including during transport to a hospital, during delivery, and while in recovery after giving birth . . . .† (Ocen) These women are already experiencing pain and are not able toShow MoreRelatedThe, Deloria, Collins, And Mcclintock1712 Words   |  7 Pagesaims to disprove the myth that prisons are built by crime by focusing on the growth of California’s state prison system since 1982 and the accompanying grassroots opposition. Prisons are thought to stop crime through retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. The dominant explanation for prison growth is that crime went up, so prisons were created, and crime went down. However, states with fewer prisons have noticed greater decreases in crime. Prisons do not lead to increased stabilityRead MoreThe Issue and History of Illiteracy Among African Americans1510 Words   |  7 PagesInstructor Sydney Darby 27 May 2008 Illiteracy is a growing issue in America. The U.S. Department of Education funded the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) in 1992 that estimates over 90 million Americans fall well below an eight grade literacy level (Rome, 2004, pp. 84). Nowhere is this tragedy more prevalent than among the impoverished African Americans. Illiteracy has always been higher among African Americans now the gap is growing even wider due to a verity of reasons. According toRead MoreHow Gender Increases The Hiv Risk Of Women1987 Words   |  8 Pagesglobal scale, women are more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS than are men. Both statistically and logically, women experience higher incidences of HIV exposure than men for multiple reasons. Women engage in sex work more often than men, they also experience a higher rate of sexual violence, and simply by being the inferior portion of a domestically abusive relationship. Understanding how gender increases the HIV risk of women is crucial to winning the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women are the centerRead MoreObesity And Over Eating Habits1657 Words   |  7 Pagesand processed foods to children. Research indicates that although personal choices may lead to healthier habits, the influence government currently has regarding the obesity epidemic can have a heavier impact on reforming our culture of unhealthy lifestyle habits. Obesity and over-eating habits have become a growing problem among our society. Foods become addicting when they are high in salts, sugars, and fats. These combinations of foods are considered by Kessler (2009) to be â€Å"hyperpalatable†Read MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesWomen with drug addictions has conclusively linked with HIV/ AIDS since this epidemic has started. HIV is the acronym for human immunodeficiency virus and it causes the immune system to become weak. As a result, this causes the body to be terrible at protecting itself against diseases and other viruses. HIV causes damage by harming the immune cells in the body. The immune cells it affects are called CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, which are vital for fighting infections in the body. HIV metamorphoseRead MoreDrug And Alcohol Abuse And Addiction1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthere is an epidemic of epic proportion involving drug and alcohol addiction. Addiction is defined as a psycholog ical illness characterized by intense craving for a particular substance (Corrections pg 652). Substance abuse problems are extremely difficult to treat because individuals most at risk for becoming addicted share many of the same traits associated with chronic criminal behavior, with many of the traits being genetic (Corrections, pg 434). Each year, nearly 700,000 men and women are releasedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Military Life And Civilian Life983 Words   |  4 PagesFor many decades now, many brave men and women have joined the military in order to serve the country and protect the rights that are entitled to the American populace. However, when they return back to the states, some soldiers are not able to the cope between the drastic differences between military life and civilian life; as a result, they can be homeless veterans living on the streets. The average citizens consider these veterans as just bums and consider them through the mindset of â€Å"out of sightRea d MoreHip Hop and the Crack Epidemic1701 Words   |  7 PagesLos Angeles, Oakland, and Miami. In the end it caused devastating effects for black and Latino Americans. As crack cocaine was becoming a grim and rising epidemic, hip hop was evolving alongside it. It was in the 1980s that crack cocaine and hip hop became the two leading fundamentals of urban street culture. It is not suggested that hip hop caused the crack epidemic, or vice versa. But, it can be argued that both fed off each other, particularly hip hop off the crack culture itself. Crack cocaineRead MoreDoes Gender Play A Role? Hiv / Aids?2536 Words   |  11 Pagesglobal scale, women are more susceptible to contracting HIV/AIDS than are men. Both statistically and logically, women experience higher incidences of HIV exposure than men for multiple reasons. Women engage in sex work more often than men, they also experience a higher rate of sexual violence, and simply by being the inferior partner in a domestically abusive relationship. Understanding how gender increases the HIV risk of women is crucial to winning the fight against HIV/AIDS. Women are the centerRead MorePoverty and a Lack of Education are Fueling Juvenile Crime A 6 page essay arguing that juvenile crime is directly related to poverty and poor education.1698 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty and a Lack of Education are Fueling Juvenile Crime In the early 1960s, the epidemic of juvenile crime began to take shape. The problem of juvenile crime is becoming an increasingly pressing matter in America. Anyone who watches the news on television or reads the newspapers is well aware of the urgency and intensity of Americas juvenile crime problem. Effectively establishing the causes of juvenile crime may help to deter it in the future. A proper solution cannot be executed until the

Strict Liability Free Essays

August 7, 2009 Criminal Law- 2 Essay on Strict Liability Crimes Having no element for Mens Rea, consequently permits punishment on those that may be blameless to a crime. With that fact, there is definitely a wide range of controversial pro’s and con’s. I personally am unbiased either way regarding this topic, for any and all concerns I feel are legitimate. We will write a custom essay sample on Strict Liability or any similar topic only for you Order Now What I will set forth here is unbiased opinion and facts to all pro’s and con’s. In this world there are many regular civilians and citizens that may encounter, in some form or another, an inconvenience, mishap or even loss on many degrees’ due to someone’s negligence or culpable liability. Which will lead me to one’s take on the pro’s or benefit to the existence of strict liability crimes. First and foremost, when someone is hurt or harmed, they want recourse and they want it from whomever is liable, or from the closes person to that liable party. So they care nothing about ones blamelessness or mental intent, which in this case the law would not hold prudent anyway. To them and to the law â€Å"public health and safety come first. † For them an act alone is all that would actually need to be proved. For if that were not the case, then the possible victims would not have any remedy under the law. Further more, the benefits to society outweighs the cost of punishing those that may have no true blame. As for the con’s in strict liability offenses, one might argue that being held liable without subjective or objective fault may be a violation to the U. S. Constitution. Where this stipulation actually contradicts the Model Penal Code (MPC) etc. on criminal liability and the stature of concurrence. Further more, with there being no actual or effective means on protection against strict liability or accidents, leaves a broad range of exceptional blameworthiness. Where â€Å"they† could say â€Å"we are the victims! † adversely this could jeopardize society and not protect it, thus curtail much human (especially professional) activities etc. at the fear of any possible culpable negligence. So here I have just a few to name the least, of pro’s and con’s on strict liability. So as you see we all have some legitimate place or say in this very controversial matter. For all people: individuals, civilians, families, cooperations, businesses, functions, police force and all professionals have some form of risk here. Over all I think the law on strict liability is well needed and the sacrifice’s are well wort h the gains†¦ for better of for worse. How to cite Strict Liability, Papers

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay Example For Students

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay ransportation: The Case of VASP Brazilian AirlinesIntroductionThe Viao Area So Paulo, known by the great public as VASP BrazilianAirlines, was created in November of 1933, in So Paulo. The company at first wasinvestor owned and its first planes were two Monospar, bought from an English airline. Even though it had a good beginning, the company had constant losses and the onlysolution to solve the crisis was asking for government help. On March of 1935, the SoPaulo government agreed to help the company, not lending money but making it a publiccompany owned half by the state and half by the city of So Paulo. The VASP ownersagreed with that decision, because it was the only way to avoid bankruptcy. After decades under government control, in 1988, the So Paulo state told the pressthat it wished to privatize the company because it still had monthly losses. On October of1990, on a public auction, the VOE/CANHEDO group, represented by the Canhedo Groupand the VASP employers, bought the company for US$44 million dollars. Until today, thecompany is owned by the VOE/CANHEDO group. After the reelection of Fernando Henrique Cardoso as President of Brazil, thebrazilian central bank decided to devaluate its currency and the airlines suffered a lotbecause its debts were in US dollars. One of the biggest problems that VASP faced was thatit had earnings on brazilian currency and had costs in US dollars. QUndergraduate Student of EPGE/FGV; E-mail: emailprotectedWhile VASP was facing all this trouble, in 2001, the low fare airlines boomarrived in Brazil. The GOL Linhas Areas was a mimic of Jet Blue 1. Its prices were at least40% less than the airlines operating in Brazil and it did attract costumers. The meal servedinside the plane is quite simple, just cold sandwiches and cereal bars. VASP that could not compete with the brazilian biggest airlines, VARIG and TAM,now had a competitor: GOL. At the end of 2002, GOL passed VASP on the brazilianairline market, making VASP the 4th brazilian airline, after VARIG, TAM and GOL. Recently, one of VASP airplanes had problems while flying to Fortaleza airport,Pinto Martins. A week later, another airplane flying from So Paulo to Curitiba hadproblems after landing. The land crew tried to fix the problem and after it took off tocontinue the flight, the planes remained and the plane had to go back to Curitiba2. One ofthe biggest brazilian newspapers said that the VASP fleet was from the 1970s. The VASPfrequent flyers were shocked. Nowadays, VASP and GOL compete for the third place ofthe brazilian airline market. MethodologyAccording to the microeconomics theory, the demand for a certain object dependson the price, the price of other similar object and the budget constraint. To help the study,the quality of services offered by the airlines besides the ones discussed above, we caninclude the frequency delay3 and flight timeYoung(1972) and Anderson Kraus(1981). Our aim will be to analyze how the quality of services can affect the demand for airtransportationDouglas Miller(1974), Anderson Kraus(1981) and Trapani Olson(1982). A possible doubt that can come one your mind is how a passenger could measurethe age of the airline that he is fixing to board. The answer it is simple. An older airplanelooks are not good. It looks like it had received a complete patchwork. Indeed, an oldairplane with those kinds of looks could worry some of the passengers. Juvenile Delinquency Essay(11) =y +y +y +y 2 + e0 1 2 3 flyvasp price planeage planeage6 For further information visit Boeing website. 7 Wooldridge(2002)Where flyvasp is a dummy variable that assumes 1 if the passenger flew VASP and0 if the passenger flew GOL. The dependent variable price represents the price paid by thepassenger to fly(R$). The variable planeage represents the age of the airplane that thepassenger used.(years). 0 y is the intercept of the equation while the i y are the slopes of thedependent variables. The quadratic variable planeage2 was included because we want tostudy also the positives or negatives marginal effects of the variable planeage. Themarginal effect would be:(12) planeageplaneageflyvasp2 3 =y + 2yAfter these problems that VASP faced with its airplanes, I think it would beimportant to analyze if the age of the airplane does affect the demand for airtransportation. In order to do this I would use cross sectional data. The econometric modelused, as discussed above, would be the linear probability model(LPM). The estimationmethod used would be generalized least squares(GLS).8 The need of this method is why wehave the risk of facing heteroskedasticy. The Wald test is needed for the variables and theShapiro-Wilk searching for outliers. ConclusionsUnfortunately this research could not be finished because VASP went bankrupt andlost its permission to fly in March of 2005. However the model discussed above could beused to study the relationship between the demand of two airlines, just some modificationsneeded to be done. But indeed I know that this model would be helpful for further works. 8 Wooldridge(2002)ReferencesAbouchar, A. (1970) Air Transport Demand, Congestion Cost, and the Theory of OptimalAirport Use. Journal of American Statistical Association, v.3, n.3, p. 463-475. Anderson J.E, Kraus, M. (1981) Quality of Service and the Demand for Air Travel TheReview of Economics and Statistics. v.63. De Vany, A.S (1975) The Effect of Price and Entry Regulation on Airline Output,Capacity and Efficiency The Bell Journal of Economics v.6, p. 327-345. Departamento de Aviao Civil http://www.dac.gov.brDouglas, G.W., Miller III J.C (1974) Quality Competition, Industry Equilibrium andEfficiency in the Price-Constrained Airline Market American Economic Review v.64,p.67-76. Infraero http://www.infraero.gov.brGronau, R. (1980) The Value of Time in Passenger Transportation: The Demand for AirTravel Occasional paper 109 , National Bureau of Economic Research, New York. Isidore, C. (2002) Attack of low fare airlines CNNmoney, December 9, 2002Morrison, S., and Winston, C.(1995), The Evolution of the Airline Industry. BrookingsInstitutionTaaffe, E.J. (1956) Air Transportation and United States Urban DistributionGeographical Review 46, 219-238. Trapani, J.M., Olson, C.V. (1982), An Analysis of the Impact of Open Entry on Priceand the Quality of Service in the Airline Industry The Review of Economics andStatistics, 1982, vol. 64, issue 1, pages 67-76Verleger Jr. P. K. (1972) Models of the Demand for Air Transportation The BellJournal of Economics and Management Service v.3, p. 437-457Wooldridge, J. (2002) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressYoung, K.H. (1972), Cross-Sectional Demand Models: Estimates and Tests, Journalof Regional Science, 9